vickistan.com

Using apt

you can hold a package using

sudo apt-mark hold package_name

and remove the hold with

sudo apt-mark unhold package_name

Configure the Virtual Host as follows:

Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from 11.211.0.0/15
Allow from 12.212.0.0/15
Require valid-user
Satisfy all
AuthName “Restricted Area”
AuthType Basic
AuthUserFile /home/web/.htpasswd
Require valid-user

Create file with the following command:

htpaddwd /home/web/.htpasswd

Another option:

1. Type the following text into your VirtualHost file:

2. Save the file.

Alternatively, you may specify the directory by using:

Order Allow,Deny
Allow from all
Deny from [Enter IP address here]

Add the following to .htaccess:

CentOS:

AuthType Basic
AuthName “Restricted”
AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/htaccess-pass
Require valid-user
#Order deny,allow
#Deny from All
#Satisfy any

Create the file as follows:

htpasswd /etc/httpd/htaccess-pass username
You will then be prompted for a password

Ubuntu:

AuthType Basic
AuthName “Restricted”
AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/htaccess-pass
Require valid-user
#Order deny,allow
#Deny from All
#Satisfy any

Create the file as follows:

htpasswd /etc/apache2/htaccess-pass username
You will then be prompted for a password

To show which IP addresses are currently connected to your server:
netstat -nt

rsync -avnh source target

#Use rsync to sync to remote system as user over remote shell compressing transfer and without crossing filesystem boundaries
rsync -avzx -e ssh /var/www/ user@remote_host:/var/www/

#Use rsync to sync to remote system as user over remote shell skipping files that are newer on the remote server
rsync -avzxu -e ssh /var/www/ user@remote_host:/var/www/

Pushing files with rsync
rsync -a ~/dir1 user@remote_host:/var/www/

Pulling files with rsync
rsync -a user@remote_host:/home/user/dir1 /var/www

#To see which files need to be synced:
rsync -n –dry-run -av /var/www/vhosts/domain.com/. remote_host:/var/www/vhosts/domain.com/.

-a = archive which basically means use recursion and preserve symbolic links, devices, attributes, permissions, ownerships, etc.(not hard links)
-v = verbose
-z = compression
-n = dry run
-h = human readable
-P = progress bar for the transfers and allows you to resume interrupted transfers
-u = skip files that are newer on the receiver
–delete option allows deletions from destination if not in source
–dry-run
–exclude=pattern_to_exclude excludes items matching the pattern (Good practice to run with –dry-run first to be sure)

* By default, rsync does not delete anything from the destination directory.
 

It is relatively easy to boot GNU/Linux from GRUB, because it somewhat resembles to boot a Multiboot-compliant OS.

Set GRUB’s root device to the same drive as GNU/Linux’s. The command search –set=root –file /vmlinuz or similar may help you (see search).
Load the kernel using the command linux (see linux):

grub> linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1

If you need to specify some kernel parameters, just append them to the command. For example, to set acpi to ‘off’, do this:

grub> linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 acpi=off

See the documentation in the Linux source tree for complete information on the available options.

With linux GRUB uses 32-bit protocol. Some BIOS services like APM or EDD aren’t available with this protocol. In this case you need to use linux16

grub> linux16 /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda1 acpi=off

If you use an initrd, execute the command initrd (see initrd) after linux:

grub> initrd /initrd

If you used linux16 you need to use initrd16:

grub> initrd16 /initrd

Finally, run the command boot (see boot).

**Totally stolen from http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub.html#Loading-an-operating-system-directly

http://www.codinghorror.com/blog/2007/10/a-visual-explanation-of-sql-joins.html

rpm -V output:
S file Size differs
M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
5 MD5 sum differs
D Device major/minor number mismatch
L readLink(2) path mismatch
U User ownership differs
G Group ownership differs
T mTime differs

Best practice from my experience when it comes to WordPress and permissions is:
• Owner: SFTP/site user
• Group: apache
• Directory Permissions: 02775 (drwxrwsr-x)
• File Permissions: 0664 (-rw-rw-r–)
• Directory ACLs: default:user:siteUser:rwx, default:user:apache:rwx, user:siteUser:rwx, user:apache:rwx
• File ACLs: user:siteUser:rw-, user:apache:rw-

The following lines added to wp-config.php help as well:
define(‘FS_METHOD’,’direct’);
will allow you to update any part of the WordPress installation from within the control panel without having to log in manually
define(‘FS_CHMOD_DIR’,02775);
define(‘FS_CHMOD_FILE’,0664);

The reason for the ACLs are that new files are created with a umask of 0022 on CentOS5 when utilizing SFTP (SSH FTP) so Apache would slowly lose write capability on these files as you created new ones via SFTP otherwise. This is also the optimum configuration for allowing WordPress to update itself via the control panel. If that is unnecessary or undesired, you can remove the group write and ACL write fields for Apache on files and directories that should not be able to be modified by the PHP code.

The allow_url_fopen option does not need to be set to enabled for fopen()s on files, by the way. Only if you need to do something along the lines of fopen(http://…) to pull in a resource from another site (and this is strongly deprecated as it builds a dependency on that other resource that can cause timeouts in rendering your page if the site that resource exists on goes down or such.)